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A CPO is a legal tool that allows certain authorities to buy land or property without the owner鈥檚 approval to support building development, regeneration and infrastructure projects of public interest.

• Once a CPO has been issued, the authority has the right to purchase the land or property at a fair market price determined by an independent valuation.
• The owner has an opportunity to object or negotiate the terms of the purchase.
• If an agreement can鈥檛 be reached or the owner refuses to sell, the authority can seek permission from a higher authority, such as a government department, and if granted, the authority can take possession and ownership.
• Due to the tricky nature of the process, landowners and occupiers are often approached before a CPO is issued to see if the land can be acquired by mutual agreement.

• Significant infrastructure projects go through the Development Consent Order process, determined at a national level.
  • Road schemes are often built under a Highways Act CPO.
  • Rail schemes tend to use a Transport and Works Act CPO.
• Some schemes, such as High Speed Two, obtain their powers via a bespoke act of parliament.

The process can be long and complex, taking years, but bodies like water companies and the Environment Agency have powers they can use at short notice.

Claimants are usually entitled to reimbursement of professional fees. If there is no legal entitlement, we鈥檒l request a fee indemnity.

• Schemes need to go through processes for authorities to obtain planning permission and have the power to issue a CPO.
• These processes include opportunities for the affected landowners and occupiers to make representations.
• It鈥檚 difficult to stop a scheme completely, but you can propose changes to be made.

• The compensation amount for a CPO varies significantly based on location, size, condition, market value and purpose of the property or land.
• We鈥檒l advise you from the beginning so you can submit your initial 鈥榝orm of claim鈥� for compensation once you鈥檝e received notice from the CPO.
• The form must have as much detail and supporting evidence as possible to start negotiations, although full details of the claim won鈥檛 yet be known.
• At the same time, you can request an advance compensation payment 鈥� this is payable when the land is bought or no more than three months after the request is submitted.
• The advance is typically based on 90% of the acquiring authority鈥檚 estimate of the total claim but is often less than the final agreed figure.

• Most cases are settled through negotiations between the acquiring authority鈥檚 agent and the claimant鈥檚 agent.
• Acquiring authorities should treat claimants fairly and work to reach an agreement, but the ultimate arbiter is the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber).
• Simpler disputes are often dealt with via dispute resolution.